![]() Jung called describe this as archetypes from a Greek prefix “arche-” meaning beginning and “typos” meaning imprint. As a psychological phenomenon, human race unconsciously used recurrent figures, symbols, themes, plots or images that are common to and universal for all. Supporting Frazer, Jung reinforced and provided more intensive study about this similarity in the human race by his theory that all humans have “collective unconscious” memory in which memories about our past ancestors lay. Frazer’s discovery had an impact also on the field of literature, for critics start to look for the mythic figure and patterns all throughout the texts. ![]() He found out that, even without interaction with one another, humanity share the same ritual patterns or same substance that only differs from the time and details. In his “The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion”, Frazer, a historian of classics and religion, conducted an in-depth study of the cross-cultural origin of religion through myths and rituals. However, these fields of study contributed a lot to the development of archetypal criticism through the characters of Sir James Frazer and Carl Jung. Background of the TheoryĪrchetypal criticism is a product of both cultural anthropology and psychoanalysis which are academic fields that might seem to be far from the concept of archetypal criticism. This has been the basis of archetypal critics - that archetypes determine the function and structure of a literary piece of art. Due to its commonality among the field of literature as well as universality among the culture, an archetype is accepted as a universal concept or situation for a certain culture or even the entire humanity. The consistency of the recurrence of one representation for an object made it enough to be considered as an archetypal figure. These elements became recognizable and universal for all for its recurrent representation all throughout the field of literature. ![]() In literature, an archetype, also known as “universal symbol”, is a representation of a character, an action, a situation, a theme, a symbol or a setting that is typical to the eyes of the readers. This concept can be applied to literature through the identification of recurring concept or elements of prose and poetry in a certain text or, in other words, archetypes. ![]() The word “archetype” comes from a Greek word “achetypos” which means original pattern. ![]()
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